a banana corm, 25 cm (10 in) across
a banana farm in chinawal, india
young banana plant
the banana plant largest herbaceous flowering plant. above-ground parts of banana plant grow structure called corm . plants tall , sturdy, , mistaken trees, appears trunk false stem or pseudostem. bananas grow in wide variety of soils, long soil @ least 60 cm deep, has drainage , not compacted. leaves of banana plants composed of stalk (petiole) , blade (lamina). base of petiole widens form sheath; tightly packed sheaths make pseudostem, supports plant. edges of sheath meet when first produced, making tubular. new growth occurs in centre of pseudostem edges forced apart. cultivated banana plants vary in height depending on variety , growing conditions. around 5 m (16 ft) tall, range dwarf cavendish plants @ around 3 m (10 ft) gros michel @ 7 m (23 ft) or more. leaves spirally arranged , may grow 2.7 metres (8.9 ft) long , 60 cm (2.0 ft) wide. torn wind, resulting in familiar frond look.
when banana plant mature, corm stops producing new leaves , begins form flower spike or inflorescence. stem develops grows inside pseudostem, carrying immature inflorescence until emerges @ top. each pseudostem produces single inflorescence, known banana heart . (more produced; exceptional plant in philippines produced five.) after fruiting, pseudostem dies, offshoots have developed base, plant whole perennial. in plantation system of cultivation, 1 of offshoots allowed develop in order maintain spacing. inflorescence contains many bracts (sometimes incorrectly referred petals) between rows of flowers. female flowers (which can develop fruit) appear in rows further stem (closer leaves) rows of male flowers. ovary inferior, meaning tiny petals , other flower parts appear @ tip of ovary.
the banana fruits develop banana heart, in large hanging cluster, made of tiers (called hands ), 20 fruit tier. hanging cluster known bunch, comprising 3–20 tiers, or commercially banana stem , , can weigh 30–50 kilograms (66–110 lb). individual banana fruits (commonly known banana or finger ) average 125 grams (0.276 lb), of approximately 75% water , 25% dry matter (nutrient table, lower right).
the fruit has been described leathery berry . there protective outer layer (a peel or skin) numerous long, thin strings (the phloem bundles), run lengthwise between skin , edible inner portion. inner part of common yellow dessert variety can split lengthwise 3 sections correspond inner portions of 3 carpels manually deforming unopened fruit. in cultivated varieties, seeds diminished non-existence; remnants tiny black specks in interior of fruit.
bananas naturally radioactive, more other fruits, because of potassium content , small amounts of isotope potassium-40 found in naturally occurring potassium. banana equivalent dose of radiation used in nuclear communication compare radiation levels , exposures.
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