1 military structures
1.1 beginnings
1.2 structure in 1989
1.3 after cold war
1.4 new commands in 2003
1.5 canada-us regional planning group
military structures
nato s military operations directed chairman of nato military committee, , split 2 strategic commands long both commanded u.s. officers, assisted staff drawn across nato. strategic commanders responsible nato military committee overall direction , conduct of alliance military matters within areas of command. strategic commanders former major nato commanders , sat atop command hierarchy consisting of major subordinate commanders (mscs), principal subordinate commanders (pscs) , sub-pscs. military committee had executive body, standing group, made of representatives france, united states, , united kingdom. standing group abolished during major reform of 1967 resulted france’s departure nato military command structure.
beginnings
nato military command , areas of responsibilities (1954)
a key step in establishing nato command structure north atlantic council’s selection of general dwight d. eisenhower first supreme allied commander europe (saceur) in december 1950. after eisenhower arrived in paris in january 1951, , other members of multinational supreme headquarters allied powers europe (shape) planning group began devise structure new allied command europe. nato official documents ..the corner stone of nato military command structure laid.. when north atlantic council approved d.c. 24/3 on 18 december 1951. decided divide allied command europe 3 regions: allied forces northern europe, containing scandinavia, north sea , baltic; allied forces central europe, , allied forces southern europe (afsouth), covering italy , mediterranean. shape established @ rocquencourt, west of paris.
the british post of commander in chief mediterranean fleet given dual-hatted role nato commander in chief of allied forces mediterranean in charge of forces assigned nato in mediterranean area. british made strong representations in discussions regarding mediterranean nato command structure, wishing retain direction of nato naval command in mediterranean protect sea lines of communication running through mediterranean middle east , far east.
in 1952, after greece , turkey joined alliance, allied land forces south-eastern europe (landsoutheast) created in izmir, turkey, under u.s. army general. due 2 states geographic distance landsouth headquarters, political disagreements on nation should overall commander ground forces.
with establishment of allied command atlantic (aclant) on 30 january 1952, supreme allied commander atlantic joined created supreme allied commander europe 1 of alliance’s 2 major nato commanders. third added when allied command channel established on 21 february 1952 control english channel , north sea area , deny enemy, , protect sea lanes of communication. establishment of post, , agreement filled british commander-in-chief, portsmouth, part of compromise allowed american officer take saclant post. commander-in-chief portsmouth had controlled multinational naval operations in area under wudo auspices. in due course cinchan role assumed british commander-in-chief fleet.
in 1966, when french president charles de gaulle withdrew french forces military command structure, nato s headquarters forced move belgium. shape moved casteau, north of belgian city of mons. headquarters allied forces central europe moved chateau de fontainebleau outside paris brunssum, in netherlands.
structure in 1989
nato military committee, led chairman of nato military committee, in brussels, belgium
allied command europe (ace), led supreme allied commander europe (saceur), in mons, belgium
ace mobile force, in seckenheim, germany
united kingdom air forces, in high wycombe, united kingdom
nato airborne warning force, in maisieres, belgium
allied forces northern europe (afnorth), in kolsås, norway
allied forces north norway (non), in bodø, norway
allied forces south norway (sonor), in stavanger, norway
allied forces baltic approaches (baltap), in karup, denmark
allied land forces schleswig-holstein , jutland (landjut), in rendsburg, germany
allied land forces in zealand (landzealand), in ringsted, denmark
allied air forces baltic approaches (airbaltap), in karup, denmark
allied naval forces baltic approaches (navbaltap), in karup, denmark
allied forces central europe (afcent), in brunssum, netherlands
northern army group (northag), in rheindahlen, west germany
central army group (centag), in heidelberg, west germany
allied air forces central europe (aafce), in ramstein, west germany
second allied tactical air force (2 ataf), in rheindahlen, west germany
fourth allied tactical air force (4 ataf), in ramstein, west germany
allied forces southern europe (afsouth), in naples, italy
allied land forces southern europe (landsouth), in verona, italy
allied land forces south-eastern europe (landsoutheast), in İzmir, turkey
allied air forces southern europe (airsouth), in naples, italy
fifth allied tactical air force (5 ataf), in vicenza, italy
sixth allied tactical air force (6 ataf), in İzmir, turkey
allied naval forces southern europe (navsouth), in naples, italy
naval striking , support forces southern europe (strikforsouth), afloat, centered around sixth fleet
allied command atlantic (aclant), led supreme allied commander atlantic (saclant), in norfolk, united states
eastern atlantic area (eastlant), in northwood, united kingdom
northern sub-area (norlant), in rosyth, united kingdom
central sub-area (centlant), in plymouth, united kingdom
submarine force eastern atlantic (subeastlant), in gosport, united kingdom
maritime air eastern atlantic (maireastlant), in northwood, united kingdom
maritime air northern sub-area (mairnorlant), in rosyth, united kingdom
maritime air central sub-area (maircentlant), in plymouth, united kingdom
island command iceland (iscomiceland), in keflavík, iceland
island command faroes (iscomfaroes), in tórshavn, faroe islands
western atlantic area (westlant), in norfolk, united states
ocean sub-area (oceanlant), in norfolk, united states
canadian atlantic sub-area (canlant), in halifax, canada
island command bermuda (iscombermuda), in hamilton, bermuda
island command azores (iscomazores), in ponta delgada, azores
island command greenland (iscomgreenland), in grønnedal, greenland
submarine force western atlantic (subwestlant), in norfolk, united states
iberian atlantic area (iberlant), in oeiras, portugal
island command madeira (iscomadeira), in funchal, madeira
striking fleet atlantic (strikfltlant), in norfolk, united states
carrier striking force (carstrikfor), in norfolk, united states
carrier striking group 1 (carstrikgruone), in norfolk, united states
carrier striking group 2 (carstrikgrutwo), in plymouth, united kingdom
submarines allied command atlantic (subaclant), in norfolk, united states
allied command channel (acchan), in northwood, united kingdom
nore sub-area channel command (norechan), in rosyth, united kingdom
plymouth sub-area channel command (plymchan), in plymouth, united kingdom
benelux sub-area channel command (benechan), in den helder, netherlands
allied maritime air force channel (mairchan), in northwood, united kingdom
maritime air nore sub-area channel command (mairnorechan), in rosyth, united kingdom
maritime air plymouth sub-area channel command (mairplymchan), in plymouth, united kingdom
standing naval force channel (stanavforchan), afloat
after cold war
by june 1991, clear allied forces central europe (a major subordinate command) reduced, soviet threat disappearing. 6 multinational corps replace previous eight. announcements in june 1991 presaged main defensive forces consisting of 6 multinational corps. 2 under german command, 1 u.s. division, 1 under belgian command pending offer of u.s. brigade, 1 under u.s. command german division, 1 under joint german-danish command (landjut), , 1 under dutch command. new german iv corps stationed in eastern germany, , not associated nato structure.
on july 1, 1994, alliance disestablished allied command channel, through retaining many of subordinate structures after reshuffling. of headquarters absorbed within ace, particularly within new allied forces northwestern europe.
nato e-3a flying united states air force f-16 fighting falcons in nato exercise.
from 1994 1999 ace had 3 major subordinate commands, afnorthwest, afcent, , afsouth. in 1995 nato began long term study examine post-cold war strategy , structure. recommendations study new, streamlined structure emerged in 1996. european , atlantic commands retained, number of major commands in europe cut 3 two, regional command north europe , regional command south europe. activation of new rc south occurred in september 1999, , in march 2000 headquarters afnorthwest closed , new rc north activated. headquarters of 2 regional commands known regional headquarters south (rhq south) , rhq north respectively. each supervise air, naval, , land commands region number of joint subregional commands (jsrcs). among new jsrcs joint headquarters southwest, activated in madrid in september 1999.
new commands in 2003
on 12 june 2003 nato ministers announced end decades-old structure of command each atlantic , europe. allied command operations (aco) responsible strategic, operational , tactical management of combat , combat support forces of nato members, , allied command transformation (act) responsible induction of new member states forces nato, , nato forces research , training capability. european allies had become concerned possibility of loosening of u.s. ties nato if there no longer u.s.-led nato hq in united states, , refocusing of atlantic command transformation command result. alliance created several nato rapid deployable corps , naval high readiness forces (hrfs), report allied command operations. in europe regional commands replaced jfc brunssum , jfc naples, , jsrcs disappeared (though madrid jsrc became land command jfc naples).
the commander of allied command operations retained title supreme allied commander europe , , remains based @ shape @ casteau. u.s. four-star general or admiral dual-hatted role of heading united states european command, headquartered in stuttgart, germany. aco includes joint force command brunssum in netherlands, joint force command naples in italy, , joint command lisbon in portugal, multi-national headquarters many nations represented. 2003, jfc brunssum had land component, allied land component command headquarters heidelberg @ heidelberg, germany, air component, allied air command ramstein, @ ramstein in germany, , naval component @ northwood headquarters in northwest suburbs of london. jfc naples has land component in madrid, air component @ İzmir, turkey, , naval component, allied maritime command naples, in naples, italy. directed kfor in kosovo. joint command lisbon smaller hq no subordinate commands.
in 2012-2013, military command structure reorganised. allied force command madrid disestablished on 1 july 2013, heidelberg force command deactivated, maritime component command @ naples closed , air component command @ izmir shut down. allied air command izmir reorganised allied land command.
a number of nato force structure formations, such nato rapid deployable corps, answerable saceur either directly or through component commands. directly responsible saceur nato airborne warning force @ nato air base geilenkirchen in germany jointly funded fleet of e-3 sentry awacs airborne radar aircraft located. boeing c-17 globemaster iiis of strategic airlift capability, became operational in july 2009, based @ pápa airfield in hungary.
allied command transformation (act) based in former allied command atlantic headquarters in norfolk, virginia, united states. headed supreme allied commander transformation (sact), french officer. there act command element located @ shape in mons, belgium. in june 2009 le figaro named french officer take command of act following france s return nato military command structure. subordinate act organizations include joint warfare centre (jwc) located in stavanger, norway (in same site former norwegian armed forces national joint hq); joint force training centre (jftc) in bydgoszcz, poland; , joint analysis , lessons learned centre (jallc) in monsanto, portugal. nato undersea research centre (nurc) @ la spezia, italy, part of act until shifted under auspices of nato science & technology organization.
canada-us regional planning group
the canada-us regional planning group (cusrpg) survivor of 5 regional planning groups of late 1940s , 1950s. others subsumed allied command europe , allied command atlantic. in august 1953 tasked ..(a) prepare, approve , forward military committee, through standing group, plans , other material pertaining to, defense of canada-u.s. region. (b) coordinate plans saclant , other nato commands. nato handbook stated in 1990s editions responsible defence of us-canada area , meets alternatively in washington, d.c. , ottawa. such appears duplicate, in part, work of permanent joint board on defence.
Comments
Post a Comment