frida kahlo , diego rivera house in san Ángel designed juan o gorman, example of 20th century modernist architecture in mexico
the history of rest of 20th century present focuses on phenomenal growth of city , environmental , political consequences. in 1900, population of mexico city 500,000. city began grow rapidly westward in part of 20th century , began grow upwards in 1950s, torre latinoamericana becoming city s first skyscraper. 1968 olympic games brought construction of large sporting facilities.
in 1969 metro system inaugurated. explosive growth in population of city started 1960s, population overflowing boundaries of federal district neighboring state of mexico, north, northwest , northeast. between 1960 , 1980 city s population more doubled 9 million.
in 1980 half of industrial jobs in mexico located in mexico city. under relentless growth, mexico city government barely keep services. villagers countryside continued pour city escape poverty compounded city s problems. no housing available, took on lands surrounding city, creating huge shantytowns extended many miles. caused serious air pollution in mexico city , water pollution problems, subsidence due overextraction of groundwater. air , water pollution has been contained , improved in several areas due government programs, renovation of vehicles , modernization of public transportation.
the autocratic government ruled mexico city since revolution tolerated, because of continued economic expansion since world war ii. case though government not handle population , pollution problems adequately. nevertheless, discontent , protests began in 1960s leading massacre of unknown number of protesting students in tlatelolco.
three years later, demonstration in maestros avenue, organized former members of 1968 student movement, violently repressed paramilitary group called los halcones , composed of gang members , teenagers many sports clubs received training in u.s.
on thursday, september 19, 1985, @ 7:19 am cst, mexico city struck earthquake of magnitude 8.1 on richter magnitude scale. although earthquake not deadly or destructive many similar events in asia , other parts of latin america, proved disaster politically one-party government. government paralyzed own bureaucracy , corruption, forcing ordinary citizens create , direct own rescue efforts , reconstruct of housing lost well.
however, last straw may have been controversial elections of 1988. year, presidency set between p.r.i. s candidate, carlos salinas de gortari, , coalition of left-wing parties led cuauhtémoc cárdenas, son of former president lázaro cárdenas. counting system fell because coincidentally light went out , suddenly, when returned, winning candidate salinas, though cárdenas had upper hand.
as result of fraudulent election, cárdenas became member of party of democratic revolution. discontent on election led cuauhtémoc cárdenas become first elected mayor of mexico city in 1997. cárdenas promised more democratic government, , party claimed victories against crime, pollution, , other major problems. resigned in 1999 run presidency.
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