when frankish rulers established system of feudalism, bishops of utrecht came exercise worldly power prince-bishops. territory of bishopric not included modern province of utrecht (nedersticht, lower sticht ), extended northeast. feudal conflict of middle ages heavily affected utrecht. prince-bishopric involved in continuous conflicts counts of holland , dukes of guelders. veluwe region seized guelders, large areas in modern province of overijssel remained oversticht.
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