in japan, synonyms of cool iki , sui. these traditional commoners aesthetic ideals developed in edo. tend connect aesthetics of japan samurai, historically inaccurate. in fact, samurais countryside have been target of ridicule commoner in civilized edo in many art forms including rakugo, form of comical storytelling.
some argue ethic of samurai caste in japan, warrior castes in india , east asia resemble cool. samurai-themed works of film director akira kurosawa among praised of genre, influencing many filmmakers across world techniques , storytelling. notable works of include 7 samurai, yojimbo, , hidden fortress. latter 1 of primary inspirations george lucas s star wars, borrows number of aspects samurai, example jedi knights of series. samurai have been presented cool in many modern japanese movies such samurai fiction, kagemusha, , yojimbo, appropriated in american movies such ghost dog , last samurai
in art of war, chinese military treatise written during 6th century bc, general sun tzu, member of landless chinese aristocracy, wrote in chapter xii:
profiting panic, shall exterminate them completely; cool king s courage , cover glory, besides ensuring success of our mission.
prof. paul waley considers tokyo 1 of world s capitals of cool.
asian countries have developed tradition on own explore types of modern cool or ambiguous aesthetics.
in time asia article birth of cool author hannah beech describes asian cool revolution in taste led style gurus redefining chinese craftsmanship in architecture , film clothing , cuisine , modern aesthetic inspired both ming-era minimalism , strenuous attention detail.
paul waley, professor of human geography @ university of leeds, considers tokyo along new york, london , paris 1 of world s capitals of cool , washington post called tokyo japan s empire of cool , japan coolest nation on earth .
analysts marveling @ breadth of recent explosion in cultural exports, , many argue international embrace of japan s pop culture, film, food, style , arts second of united states. business leaders , government officials referring japan s gross national cool new engine economic growth , societal buoyancy.
the term gross national cool coined journalist douglas mcgray. in june/july 2002 article in foreign policy magazine, argued japan s economic juggernaut took wrong turn 10-year slump, , military power made impossible pacifist constitution, nation had quietly emerged cultural powerhouse: pop music consumer electronics, architecture fashion, , food art, japan has far greater cultural influence did in 1980s, when economic superpower. notion of asian cool applied asian consumer electronics borrowed cultural media theorist eric mcluhan described cool or cold media stimulating participants complete auditive or visual media content, in sharp contrast hot media degrades viewer merely passive or non-interactive receiver.
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