the degree person overweight described body mass index (bmi). overweight defined bmi of 25 or more, includes pre-obesity defined bmi between 25 , 30 , obesity defined bmi of 30 or more. pre-obese , overweight used interchangeably, giving overweight common definition of bmi of between 25–30. there are, however, several other common ways measure amount of adiposity or fat present in individual s body.
body mass index
the body mass index (bmi) measure of person s weight taking account height. given following formula: bmi equals person s weight (mass) in kilograms divided square of person s height in metres. units therefore kg/m bmi measures typically used , written without units.
bmi provides more accurate representation of body fat content measuring person s weight. moderately correlated both body fat percentage , body fat mass (r of 0.68). not take account factors such pregnancy or bodybuilding; however, bmi accurate reflection of fat percentage in majority of adult population.
body volume index
the body volume index (bvi) devised in 2000 computer, rather manual, measurement of human body obesity , alternative bmi
bvi uses 3d software create accurate image of person bvi can differentiate between people same bmi rating, have different shape , different weight distribution.
an obese man on motorcycle
belly of overweight teenager
children varying levels of body fat
bvi measures person s weight , fat located on body, rather total weight or total fat content , places emphasis on weight carried around abdomen, commonly known central obesity. there has been acceptance in recent years abdominal fat , weight around abdomen constitute greater health risk.
simple weighing
a person s weight measured , compared estimated ideal weight. easiest , common method, far least accurate, measures 1 quantity (weight) , not take account many factors such height, body type, , relative amount of muscle mass.
skinfold calipers or pinch test
the skin @ several specific points on body pinched , thickness of resulting fold measured. measures thickness of layers of fat located under skin, general measurement of total amount of fat in body calculated. method can reasonably accurate many people, assumes particular fat distribution patterns on body—which may not apply individuals, , not account fat deposits not directly under skin. also, measurement , analysis involves high degree of practice , interpretation, accurate result requires professional perform it. cannot done patients themselves.
bioelectrical impedance analysis
a small electric current passed through body measure electrical resistance. fat , muscle conduct electricity differently, method can provide direct measurement of body fat percentage, in relation muscle mass. in past, technique performed reliably trained professionals specialized equipment, possible buy home testing kits let people minimum of training. despite improved simplicity of process on years, however, number of factors can affect results, including hydration , body temperature, still needs care when taking test ensure results accurate.
hydrostatic weighing
considered 1 of more accurate methods of measuring body fat, technique involves complete submersion of person in water, special equipment measure person s weight while submerged. weight compared dry weight recorded outside water determine overall body density. fat less dense muscle, careful application of technique can provide reasonably close estimate of fat content in body. technique does, however, require expensive specialized equipment , trained professionals administer properly.
dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (dexa)
originally developed measure bone density, dexa imaging used precisely determine body fat content using density of various body tissues identify portions of body fat. test considered accurate, requires great deal of expensive medical equipment , trained professionals perform.
the common method discussing subject , 1 used researchers , advisory institutions bmi. definitions of considered overweight vary ethnicity. current definition proposed national institutes of health (nih) , world health organization (who) designates whites, hispanics , blacks bmi of 25 or more overweight. asians, overweight bmi between 23 , 29.9 , obesity groups bmi of 30 or more.
bmi, however, not account extremes of muscle mass, rare genetic factors, young, , few other individual variations. possible individuals bmi of less 25 have excess body fat, while others may have bmi higher without falling category. of above methods determining body fat more accurate bmi come added complexity.
if individual overweight , has excess body fat can create or lead health risks. reports surfacing, however, being mildly overweight obese – bmi being between 24 , 31.9 – may beneficial , people bmi between 24 , 31.9 live longer normal weight or underweight persons.
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