Taxonomy Spider

1 taxonomy

1.1 mesothelae
1.2 mygalomorphae
1.3 araneomorphae

taxonomy

spiders divided 2 suborders, mesothelae , opisthothelae, of latter contains 2 infraorders, mygalomorphae , araneomorphae. 46,000 living species of spiders (order araneae) have been identified , grouped 114 families , 4,000 genera arachnologists.

mesothelae

ryuthela sasakii, member of liphistiidae

the living members of primitive mesothelae family liphistiidae, found in southeast asia, china, , japan. of liphistiidae construct silk-lined burrows thin trapdoors, although species of genus liphistius build camouflaged silk tubes second trapdoor emergency exit. members of genus liphistius run silk tripwires outwards tunnels them detect approaching prey, while of genus heptathela not , instead rely on built-in vibration sensors. spiders of genus heptathela have no venom glands although have venom gland outlets on fang tip.

the extinct families arthrolycosidae, found in carboniferous , permian rocks, , arthromygalidae, far found in carboniferous rocks, have been classified members of mesothelae.

mygalomorphae

a mexican red-kneed tarantula brachypelma smithi

the mygalomorphae, first appeared in triassic period, heavily built , hairy, large, robust chelicerae , fangs. well-known examples include tarantulas, ctenizid trapdoor spiders , australasian funnel-web spiders. spend majority of time in burrows, , run silk tripwires out these, few build webs capture prey. however, mygalomorphs cannot produce pirifom silk araneomorphae use instant adhesive glue silk surfaces or other strands of silk, , makes web construction more difficult mygalomorphs. since mygalomorphs balloon using air currents transport, populations form clumps. in addition arthropods, mygalomorphs capable of preying on frogs, small mammals, lizards, , snails.

araneomorphae

leucauge venusta, orb-web spider

in addition accounting on 90% of spider species, araneomorphae, known true spiders , include orb-web spiders, cursorial wolf spiders, , jumping spiders, known herbivorous spider, bagheera kiplingi. distinguished having fangs oppose each other , cross in pinching action, in contrast mygalomorphae, have fangs parallel in alignment.