Ecosystem_ecology_and_systems_ecology Howard_T._Odum

1 ecosystem ecology , systems ecology

1.1 ecosystem concept
1.2 macroscope
1.3 microcosms
1.4 hierarchical organization

ecosystem ecology , systems ecology

for j.b. hagen, maximum power principle, , stability principle translated language of homeostasis , cybernetics systems. hagen claims feedback loops in ecosystems, were, odum, analogous kinds of feedback loops diagrammed in electronic circuits , cybernetic systems (ibid.). approach represented migration of cybernetic ideas ecology , led formulation of systems ecology. in odum s work these concepts form part of hagen called an, ambitious , idiosyncratic attempt create universal science of systems (ibid).

the ecosystem concept

macroscope

hagen has identified systems thinking of odum form of holistic thinking. odum contrasted holistic thinking of systems science reductionistic microscopic thinking, , used term macroscope refer holistic view, kind of detail eliminator allowing simple diagram created.

microcosms

h.t.odum pioneer in use of small closed , open ecosystems in classroom teaching. these small ecosystems constructed fish tanks or bottles , have been called microcosms. odum s microcosm studies influenced design of biosphere 2.

hierarchical organization

in observing way higher order trophic levels have control function in ecosystems, h.t. odum arrived @ concept termed hierarchical organization.