energy diagram: energy , matter flows through ecosystem, adapted silver springs model. h herbivores, c carnivores, tc top carnivores, , d decomposers. squares represent biotic pools , ovals fluxes or energy or nutrients system.
silver springs common type of spring-fed stream in florida, constant temperature , chemical composition. study howard odum conducted here first complete analysis of natural ecosystem.
odum started overall model , in work used diagramming methodology similar sankey diagrams used in chemical process engineering. in model energy , matter flows through ecosystem: h herbivores, c carnivores, tc top carnivores, , d decomposers. squares represent biotic pools , ovals fluxes or energy or nutrients system.
started overall model odum mapped in detail flow routes , stream. measured energy input of sun , rain, , of organic matter - of bread tourists threw ducks , fish - , measured energy gradually left spring. in way able establish stream s energy budget .
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