the musa nendran cultivar grown in indian state of kerala member of aab cultivar group
the genus musa created carl linnaeus in 1753. name may derived antonius musa, physician emperor augustus, or linnaeus may have adapted arabic word banana, mauz. old biological name musa sapientum = muse of wise arose because of homophony in latin classical muses.
musa in family musaceae. apg iii system assigns musaceae order zingiberales, part of commelinid clade of monocotyledonous flowering plants. 70 species of musa recognized world checklist of selected plant families of january 2013; several produce edible fruit, while others cultivated ornamentals.
the classification of cultivated bananas has long been problematic issue taxonomists. linnaeus placed bananas 2 species based on uses food: musa sapientum dessert bananas , musa paradisiaca plantains. more species names added, approach proved inadequate number of cultivars in primary center of diversity of genus, southeast asia. many of these cultivars given names later discovered synonyms.
in series of papers published 1947 onwards, ernest cheesman showed linnaeus s musa sapientum , musa paradisiaca cultivars , descendants of 2 wild seed-producing species, musa acuminata , musa balbisiana, both first described luigi aloysius colla. cheesman recommended abolition of linnaeus s species in favor of reclassifying bananas according 3 morphologically distinct groups of cultivars – exhibiting botanical characteristics of musa balbisiana, exhibiting botanical characteristics of musa acuminata, , characteristics of both. researchers norman simmonds , ken shepherd proposed genome-based nomenclature system in 1955. system eliminated difficulties , inconsistencies of earlier classification of bananas based on assigning scientific names cultivated varieties. despite this, original names still recognized authorities today, leading confusion.
the accepted scientific names groups of cultivated bananas musa acuminata colla , musa balbisiana colla ancestral species, , musa × paradisiaca l. hybrid m. acuminata × m. balbisiana.
synonyms of m. × paradisica include
a large number of subspecific , varietial names of m. × paradisiaca, including m. p. subsp. sapientum (l.) kuntze
musa × dacca horan.
musa × sapidisiaca k.c.jacob, nom. superfl.
musa × sapientum l., , large number of varietal names, including m. × sapientum var. paradisiaca (l.) baker, nom. illeg.
generally, modern classifications of banana cultivars follow simmonds , shepherd s system. cultivars placed in groups based on number of chromosomes have , species derived from. latundan banana placed in aab group, showing triploid derived both m. acuminata (a) , m. balbisiana (b). list of cultivars classified under system, see list of banana cultivars .
in 2012, team of scientists announced had achieved draft sequence of genome of musa acuminata.
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