a hospital ward in sixteenth century france.
1820 engraving of guy s hospital in london 1 of first voluntary hospitals established in 1724.
the voluntary hospital movement began in 18th century, hospitals being founded in london 1720s, including westminster hospital (1719) promoted private bank c. hoare & co , guy s hospital (1724) funded bequest of wealthy merchant, thomas guy.
other hospitals sprang in london , other british cities on century, many paid private subscriptions. st bartholomew s opened in london in 1730, , london hospital in 1752.
these hospitals represented turning point in function of institution; began evolve being basic places of care sick becoming centres of medical innovation , discovery , principal place education , training of prospective practitioners. of era s greatest surgeons , doctors worked , passed on knowledge @ hospitals. changed being mere homes of refuge being complex institutions provision of medicine , care sick. charité founded in berlin in 1710 king frederick of prussia response outbreak of plague.
the concept of voluntary hospitals spread colonial america; bellevue hospital center opened in 1736; pennsylvania hospital opened in 1752, new york hospital in 1771, , massachusetts general hospital in 1811. when vienna general hospital opened in 1784 (instantly becoming world s largest hospital), physicians acquired new facility gradually developed 1 of important research centres.
another enlightenment era charitable innovation dispensary; these issue poor medicines free of charge. london dispensary opened doors in 1696 first such clinic in british empire. idea slow catch on until 1770s, when many such organisations began appear, including public dispensary of edinburgh (1776), metropolitan dispensary , charitable fund (1779) , finsbury dispensary (1780). dispensaries opened in new york 1771, philadelphia 1786, , boston 1796.
the royal naval hospital, stonehouse, plymouth, pioneer of hospital design in having pavilions minimize spread of infection. john wesley visited in 1785, , commented never saw of kind complete; every part convenient, , admirably neat. there nothing superfluous, , nothing purely ornamented, either within or without. revolutionary design made more known john howard, philanthropist. in 1787 french government sent 2 scholar administrators, coulomb , tenon, had visited of hospitals in europe. impressed , pavilion design copied in france , throughout europe.
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