1 russian national bolshevism
1.1 russian civil war
1.2 co-option of national bolshevism
1.3 aleksandr solzhenitsyn vs eduard limonov
1.4 national bolshevik party
russian national bolshevism
russian civil war
in russia, civil war dragged on, number of prominent whites switched bolshevik side because saw hope restoring greatness russia. amongst these professor nikolai ustrialov, anti-communist, came believe bolshevism modified serve nationalistic purposes. followers, smenovekhovtsi (named after series of articles published in 1921) smena vekh (russian: volte-face), came regard national bolsheviks, borrowing term niekisch.
similar ideas expressed evraziitsi party , pro-monarchist mladorossi. joseph stalin s idea of socialism in 1 country interpreted victory national bolsheviks. vladimir lenin, did not use term national bolshevism , identified smenovekhovtsi tendency of old constitutional democratic party saw russian communism evolution in process of russian aggrandisement. further added class enemy , warned against communists believing them allies.
co-option of national bolshevism
ustrialov , others sympathetic smenovekhovtsi cause, such aleksey nikolayevich tolstoy , ilya ehrenburg, able return soviet union and, following co-option of aspects of nationalism stalin , ideologue andrei zhdanov, enjoyed membership of intellectual elite under designation non-party bolsheviks. b.d. grekov s national bolshevik school of historiography, frequent target under lenin, officially recognised , promoted under stalin, albeit after accepting main tenets of stalinism. indeed, has been argued national bolshevism main impetus revival of patriotism official part of state ideology in 1930s.
aleksandr solzhenitsyn vs eduard limonov
the term national bolshevism has been applied aleksandr solzhenitsyn, , brand of anti-communism. however, in history of soviet union geoffrey hosking argues solzhenitsyn cannot labelled national bolshevik since thoroughly anti-marxist , anti-stalinist, , wished revival of russian culture see greater role russian orthodox church, withdrawal of russia role overseas, , state of international isolationism. solzhenitsyn , followers, known vozrozhdentsy (revivalists) differed national bolsheviks, not religious in tone (although not hostile religion), , felt involvement overseas important prestige , power of russia.
there open hostility between solzhenitsyn , eduard limonov, head of russia s unregistered national bolshevik party. solzhenitsyn had described limonov little insect writes pornography , , limonov described solzhenitsyn traitor homeland contributed downfall of ussr. in oak , calf, solzhenitsyn openly attacked notions russians noblest in world , tsarism , bolshevism ... [were] equally irreproachable , defining core of national bolshevism opposed.
national bolshevik party
the current national bolshevik party founded in 1992 national bolshevik front, amalgamation of 6 minor groups. party has been led eduard limonov. group s policies , actions show alignment , sympathy radical nationalist groups, split occurred in 2000s changed extent. opposed vladimir putin regime in russia, limonov has liberalized nbp, , joined forces leftist , liberal groups in garry kasparov s united civil front fight putin.
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