children engaged in diamond mining in sierra leone.
in 2008, bloomberg claimed child labour in copper , cobalt mines supplied chinese companies in congo. children creuseurs, dig ore hand, carry sacks of ores on backs, , these purchased these companies. on 60 of katanga s 75 processing plants owned chinese companies , 90 percent of region s minerals go china. african ngo report claimed 80,000 child labourers under age of 15, or 40% of miners, supplying ore chinese companies in african region. amnesty international alleged in 2016 cobalt sold congo dongfang mining produced child labour, , being used in lithium-ion batteries powering electric cars , mobile devices worldwide.
bbc, in 2012, accused glencore of using child labour in mining , smelting operations of africa. glencore denied used child labour, , said has strict policy of not using child labour. company claimed has strict policy whereby copper mined correctly, placed in bags numbered seals , sent smelter. glencore mentioned being aware of child miners part of group of artisanal miners had without authorisation raided concession awarded company since 2010; glencore has been pleading government remove artisanal miners concession.
small-scale artisanal mining of gold source of dangerous child labour in poor rural areas in parts of world. form of mining uses labour-intensive , low-tech methods. informal sector of economy. human rights watch group estimates 12 percent of global gold production comes artisanal mines. in west africa, in countries such mali - third largest exporter of gold in africa - between 20,000 , 40,000 children work in artisanal mining. locally known orpaillage, children young 6 years old work families. these children , families suffer chronic exposure toxic chemicals including mercury, , hazardous work such digging shafts , working underground, pulling up, carrying , crushing ore. poor work practices harm long term health of children, release hundreds of tons of mercury every year local rivers, ground water , lakes. gold important economy of mali , ghana. mali, second largest earner of export revenue. many poor families children, primary , source of income.
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