Organic_solids Solid

the individual wood pulp fibers in sample around 10 µm in diameter.

organic chemistry studies structure, properties, composition, reactions, , preparation synthesis (or other means) of chemical compounds of carbon , hydrogen, may contain number of other elements such nitrogen, oxygen , halogens: fluorine, chlorine, bromine , iodine. organic compounds may contain elements phosphorus or sulfur. examples of organic solids include wood, paraffin wax, naphthalene , wide variety of polymers , plastics.

wood

wood natural organic material consisting of cellulose fibers embedded in matrix of lignin. regarding mechanical properties, fibers strong in tension, , lignin matrix resists compression. wood has been important construction material since humans began building shelters , using boats. wood used construction work commonly known lumber or timber. in construction, wood not structural material, used form mould concrete.

wood-based materials extensively used packaging (e.g. cardboard) , paper both created refined pulp. chemical pulping processes use combination of high temperature , alkaline (kraft) or acidic (sulfite) chemicals break chemical bonds of lignin before burning out.

polymers

stm image of self-assembled supramolecular chains of organic semiconductor quinacridone on graphite.

one important property of carbon in organic chemistry can form compounds, individual molecules of capable of attaching 1 another, thereby forming chain or network. process called polymerization , chains or networks polymers, while source compound monomer. 2 main groups of polymers exist: artificially manufactured referred industrial polymers or synthetic polymers (plastics) , naturally occurring biopolymers.

monomers can have various chemical substituents, or functional groups, can affect chemical properties of organic compounds, such solubility , chemical reactivity, physical properties, such hardness, density, mechanical or tensile strength, abrasion resistance, heat resistance, transparency, color, etc.. in proteins, these differences give polymer ability adopt biologically active conformation in preference others (see self-assembly).

household items made of various kinds of plastic.

people have been using natural organic polymers centuries in form of waxes , shellac classified thermoplastic polymer. plant polymer named cellulose provided tensile strength natural fibers , ropes, , 19th century natural rubber in widespread use. polymers raw materials (the resins) used make commonly called plastics. plastics final product, created after 1 or more polymers or additives have been added resin during processing, shaped final form. polymers have been around, , in current widespread use, include carbon-based polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, nylons, polyesters, acrylics, polyurethane, , polycarbonates, , silicon-based silicones. plastics classified commodity , specialty , engineering plastics.