1 modern history
1.1 christianity
1.1.1 protestant reformation
1.1.2 new world
1.1.3 east asia
1.2 bahá í
1.3 caribbean , afro-american
1.4 other
modern history
christianity
one can contrast christian syncretism contextualization or inculturation, practice of making christianity relevant culture: contextualisation not address doctrine affects change in styles or expression of worship. although christians took european music , building styles churches in other parts of world, in contextualization approach, build churches, sing songs, , pray in local ethnic style. jesuit missionaries adapted local systems , images teach christianity, did portuguese in china, practice of opposed dominicans, leading chinese rites controversy.
historian yuval noah harari argues in sapiens: brief history of humankind (2014) syncretism pervasive in christianity, saying in fact, monotheism, has played out in history, kaleidoscope of monotheist, dualist, polytheist , animist legacies, jumbling under single divine umbrella. average christian believes in monotheist god, in dualist devil, in polytheist saints, , in animist ghosts. (page 223)
protestant reformation
syncretism did not play role when christianity split eastern , western rites during great schism. became involved, however, rifts of protestant reformation, desiderius erasmus s readings of plutarch. earlier, syncretism fundamental aspect of efforts of neoplatonists such marsilio ficino reform teachings of roman catholic church. in 1615, david pareus of heidelberg urged christians pious syncretism in opposing antichrist, few 17th-century protestants discussed compromises might effect reconciliation catholic church: johann hülsemann, johann georg dorsche , abraham calovius (1612–85) opposed lutheran georg calisen calixtus (1586–1656) of university of helmstedt syncretism . (see: syncretistic controversy.)
new world
catholicism in central , south america has been integrated number of elements derived indigenous , slave cultures in areas (see caribbean , modern sections); while many african initiated churches demonstrate integration of protestant , traditional african beliefs. catholic church allows symbols , traditions carried on older belief systems, long remade fit christian worldview; syncretism of other religions catholicism, such voudun or santería, condemned roman catholic church. image of our lady of guadalupe , subsequent devotion seen assimilating elements of native mexican culture christianity.
the lutheran church–missouri synod has created controversy disciplining pastors syncretism when participated in multi-faith services in response 9/11 attacks , shootings @ newtown, connecticut, on grounds merely sharing worship setting other faiths in error.
in latter day saint movement, doctrine previous dispensations recorded in lds canon considered official, though accepted ancient teachings can warped, misunderstood, or lost result of apostasy. while not officially recognize doctrine other religions, believed truth in other sources can identified via personal revelation.
east asia
catholicism in south korea has been syncretized traditional mahayana buddhist , confucian customs form integral part of traditional korean culture. result, south korean catholics continue practice ancestral rites , observe many buddhist , confucian customs , philosophies. in asia revolutionary movements of taiping (19th-century china) , god s army (karen in 1990s) blended christianity traditional beliefs.
bahá í
the bahá ís follow bahá u lláh, prophet whom consider successor muhammad, jesus, moses, buddha, zoroaster, krishna , abraham. acceptance of other religious founders has encouraged regard bahá í religion syncretic faith. however, bahá ís , bahá í writings explicitly reject view. bahá ís consider bahá u lláh s revelation independent, though related, revelation god. relationship previous dispensations seen analogous relationship of christianity judaism. regard beliefs held in common evidence of truth, progressively revealed god throughout human history, , culminating in (at present) bahá í revelation. bahá ís have own sacred scripture, interpretations, laws , practices that, bahá ís, supersede of other faiths.
caribbean , afro-american
the process of syncretism in caribbean region forms part of cultural creolization. (the technical term creole may apply born , raised in region, regardless of ethnicity.) shared histories of caribbean islands include long periods of european imperialism (mainly spain, france, , great britain) , importation of african slaves (primarily central , western africa). influences of each of above interacted in varying degrees on islands, producing fabric of society exists today in caribbean.
the rastafari movement, founded in jamaica, syncretizes vigorously, mixing elements bible, marcus garvey s pan africanism movement, text european grimoire tradition, sixth , seventh books of moses, hinduism, , caribbean culture.
another highly syncretic religion of area, vodou, combines elements of western african, native caribbean, , christian (especially roman catholic) beliefs.
see modern section other caribbean syncretisms.
recently developed religious systems exhibit marked syncretism include african diasporic religions candomblé, vodou , santería, analogize various yorùbá , other african deities roman catholic saints. sects of candomblé have incorporated native american deities, , umbanda combined african deities kardecist spiritualism.
hoodoo derived form of folk magic practiced african american communities in southern united states. other traditions of syncretic folk religion in north america include louisiana voodoo pennsylvania dutch pow-wow, in practitioners invoke power through christian god.
other
many historical native american religious movements have incorporated christian european influence, native american church, ghost dance, , religion of handsome lake.
unitarian universalism provides example of modern syncretic religion. traces roots universalist , unitarian christian congregations. however, modern unitarian universalism freely incorporates elements other religious , non-religious traditions, no longer identifies christian.
the theosophical society, opposed theosophy, professes go beyond being syncretic movement combines deities elaborate spiritual hierarchy, , assembles evidence points underlying (or occult) reality of being universal , interconnected, common spirit-matter dualities. maintained source of religious belief, each religion casting 1 reality through prism of particular time , in way meaningful circumstances.
universal sufism seeks unity of people , religions. universal sufis strive realize , spread knowledge of unity, religion of love, , wisdom, biases , prejudices of faiths , beliefs may, of themselves, fall away, human heart overflow love, , hatred caused distinctions , differences rooted out.
in vietnam, caodaism blends elements of buddhism, catholicism , taoism.
several japanese new religions, such konkokyo , seicho-no-ie, syncretistic.
the nigerian religion chrislam combines christian , islamic doctrines.
thelema mixture of many different schools of belief , practice, including hermeticism, eastern mysticism, yoga, 19th century libertarian philosophies (i.e. nietzsche), occultism, , kabbalah, ancient egyptian , greek religion.
examples of syncretist romantic , modern movements religious elements include mysticism, occultism, theosophical society, modern astrology, neopaganism, , new age movement.
in réunion, malbars combine elements of hinduism , christianity.
the unification church, founded religious leader sun myung moon in south korea in 1954. teachings based on bible, include new interpretations not found in mainstream judaism , christianity , incorporates asian traditions.
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