the islamic mystical tradition known sufism appears syncretic in nature in origins. better explanation that,
oneness of being not mean created universe god, god s being necessary while universe s being merely possible, is, subject non-being, beginning, , ending, , impossible 1 of these 2 orders of being in sense other; rather, created universe s act of being derived , subsumed divine act of creation, has no ontic independence , hence through being of creator, 1 true being. wahdat-al-wujud or oneness of being entails nothing exists except allah, attributes, actions, , rulings, while created being, manifest us, cannot identified entity or attributes actions , rulings: world, were, pure act, while allah pure being. in short [wahdat-al-wujud] not pantheism, because world not allah. spinoza s definition in ethica of god simple substance (pantheism speaking), has nothing experience of possess ma rifa [gnosis]. rather, world s existence through allah, in arabic bi llah, point under arabic letter ba being both point of ontic connection , point of demarcation...the matter between lord (rabb), , slave through lord ( abd bi rabb) .
mainstream tasawwuf not present separate set of beliefs mainstream sunni tradition; well-established traditions naqshbandi, qadiri, shadhili, , others have been part , parcel of normative islamic life. no doubt groups in name of sufism, in religion, espouse theologically unorthodox positions.
during sufi presence in bengal, muslim–hindu syncretism general trend, , nabibangsha syed sultan example of it. book tells lineage of prophets of islam. apart adam, noah, abraham, moses, , jesus christ, poet describes indian deities such brahma, vishnu, rama , krishna.
the barghawata kingdom of morocco followed syncretic religion inspired islam (perhaps influenced judaism) elements of sunni, shi ite , kharijite islam, mixed astrological , heathen traditions. supposedly, had own qur in berber language comprising 80 suras under leadership of second ruler of dynasty salih ibn tarif had taken part in maysara uprising. proclaimed himself prophet. claimed final mahdi of islamic tradition, , isa (jesus) companion , pray behind him.
the druzes integrated elements of ismaili islam gnosticism , platonism. satpanth considered syncretism of ismaili islam , hinduism.
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