prince maurits in utrecht, 31 july 1618
in 1579 northern 7 provinces signed union of utrecht, in decided join forces against spanish rule. union of utrecht seen beginning of dutch republic. in 1580 new , predominantly protestant state abolished bishoprics, including archbishopric of utrecht. stadtholders disapproved of independent course of utrecht bourgeoisie , brought city under more direct control of republic; shifted power towards dominant province holland. start of long period of stagnation of trade , development in utrecht. utrecht remained atypical city in new republic 40% catholic in mid-17th-century, , more among elite groups, included many rural nobility , gentry town houses there.
the fortified city temporarily fell french invasion in 1672 (the disaster year); french invasion stopped west of utrecht @ old hollandic waterline. in 1674, 2 years after french left, centre of utrecht struck tornado. halt building before construction of flying buttresses in 15th century proved undoing of central section of cathedral of st martin church collapsed; creating current dom square between tower , choir. in 1713, utrecht hosted 1 of first international peace negotiations when treaty of utrecht settled war of spanish succession. since 1723 utrecht became centre of non-roman old catholic churches in world.
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