during 12th , 13th century in europe there radical change in rate of new inventions, innovations in ways of managing traditional means of production, , economic growth. in less century there more inventions developed , applied usefully in previous thousand years of human history on globe. period saw major technological advances, including adoption or invention of windmills, watermills, printing (though not yet movable type), gunpowder, astrolabe, glasses, scissors of modern shape, better clock, , improved ships. latter 2 advances made possible dawn of age of discovery. these inventions influenced foreign culture , society.
alfred w. crosby described of technological revolution in measure of reality: quantification in western europe, 1250-1600 , other major historians of technology have noted it.
ships of world in 1460, according fra mauro map.
the earliest written record of windmill yorkshire, england, dated 1185.
paper manufacture began in italy around 1270.
the spinning wheel brought europe (probably india) in 13th century.
the magnetic compass aided navigation, first reaching europe time in late 12th century.
eye glasses invented in italy in late 1280s.
the astrolabe returned europe via islamic spain.
fibonacci introduces arabic numerals europe book liber abaci in 1202.
the west s oldest known depiction of stern-mounted rudder can found on church carvings dating around 1180.
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