a solar cell or photovoltaic cell device converts light energy electrical energy. fundamentally, device needs fulfill 2 functions: photo-generation of charge carriers (electrons , holes) in light-absorbing material, , separation of charge carriers conductive contact transmit electricity (simply put, carrying electrons off through metal contact external circuit). conversion called photoelectric effect, , field of research related solar cells known photovoltaics.
solar cells have many applications. have long been used in situations electrical power grid unavailable, such in remote area power systems, earth-orbiting satellites , space probes, handheld calculators, wrist watches, remote radiotelephones , water pumping applications. more recently, starting used in assemblies of solar modules (photovoltaic arrays) connected electricity grid through inverter, not act sole supply additional electricity source.
all solar cells require light absorbing material contained within cell structure absorb photons , generate electrons via photovoltaic effect. materials used in solar cells tend have property of preferentially absorbing wavelengths of solar light reach earth surface. however, solar cells optimized light absorption beyond earth s atmosphere well.
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