1 elements 103–109
1.1 element 103
1.2 element 104
1.3 element 105
1.4 element 106
1.5 element 107
1.6 element 108
1.7 element 109
1.8 elements 101–112
elements 103–109
at time of discovery, there element naming controversy (particularly) elements 103 109 called. @ last, committee of international union of pure , applied chemistry (iupac) resolved dispute , adopted 1 name each element. adopted temporary systematic element name.
element 103
iupac ratified name lawrencium (lr) in honor of ernest lawrence during meeting in geneva; name preferred american chemical society.
element 104
the joint institute nuclear research in dubna (then ussr, today russia) named element 104 kurchatovium (ku) in honor of igor kurchatov, father of soviet atomic bomb. university of california, berkeley, us, named element 104 rutherfordium (rf) in honor of ernest rutherford. in 1997 committee of iupac recommended element 104 named rutherfordium.
element 105
the joint institute nuclear research in dubna proposed naming element 105 nielsbohrium (ns) after niels bohr, while university of california, berkeley suggested name hahnium (ha) in honor of otto hahn. iupac recommended element 105 named dubnium, after dubna.
element 106
the element discovered simultaneously 2 laboratories. in june 1974, soviet team led g. n. flyorov @ joint institute nuclear research @ dubna reported producing isotope 106, , in september 1974, american research team led albert ghiorso @ lawrence radiation laboratory @ university of california, berkeley reported creating isotope 106. because work independently confirmed first, americans suggested name seaborgium (sg) in honor of glenn t. seaborg, american chemist. name extremely controversial because seaborg still alive.
an international committee decided in 1992 berkeley , dubna laboratories should share credit discovery. element naming controversy erupted , result iupac adopted unnilhexium (unh) temporary, systematic element name.
in 1994 committee of iupac adopted rule no element can named after living person. ruling fiercely objected american chemical society.
seaborg , ghiorso pointed out precedents had been set in naming of elements 99 , 100 einsteinium (es) , fermium (fm) during lives of albert einstein , enrico fermi, although these names not publicly announced until after einstein , fermi s deaths. in 1997, part of compromise involving elements 104 108, name seaborgium element 106 recognized internationally.
element 107
some suggested name nielsbohrium (ns), in honor of niels bohr (this separate proposal of same name element 105). iupac adopted unnilseptium (uns) temporary systematic element name. in 1994 committee of iupac recommended element 107 named bohrium (bh), in honor of niels bohr using surname only. while conforms names of other elements honoring individuals surname taken, opposed many concerned confused boron. despite this, name bohrium element 107 recognized internationally in 1997.
element 108
iupac adopted unniloctium (uno) temporary, systematic element name. in 1997 committee of iupac recommended element 108 named hassium (hs), in honor of german state of hesse (or hassia in latin). state includes city of darmstadt, home gsi helmholtz centre heavy ion research several new elements discovered or confirmed. element name accepted internationally.
element 109
iupac adopted unnilennium (une) temporary, systematic element name. while meitnerium discussed in naming controversy, proposal , never disputed. in 1997 committee of iupac adopted name meitnerium in honor of lise meitner (mt).
elements 101–112
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