1 historical details
1.1 career (peru)
1.1.1 first years
1.1.2 actions of war
1.1.2.1 peruvian civil war
1.1.2.2 war of pacific
1.2 career (chile)
1.2.1 war of pacific
1.2.2 after war
1.2.3 chilean civil war
1.2.4 postwar
1.2.5 memorial ship
historical details
career (peru)
her first years
a drawing of huascar brig-rigged sails
huáscar ordered government of peru john laird sons & company in 1864 war against spain. laird house had extensive experience of these advanced ships, designing , building laird rams. launched in birkenhead on 7 october 1865.
commanded chilean captain josé maría salcedo, naval officer in peruvian government s service, had supervised construction on behalf of peruvian navy, left peru on 20 january 1866 on trip saw trouble: month-long wait @ brest, minor collision ironclad independencia on 28 february, refusal of service neutral countries, month of repairs @ rio de janeiro, insubordination independencia s commander , capture , sinking of spanish brigantine manuel. when arrived in port @ ancud in allied chile join rest of combined fleet on 7 june, late participate in conflict.
under captain lizardo montero, huáscar prepared @ valparaíso participate in late 1866 expedition fight spanish fleet @ philippines. montero, several other peruvian officers, objected plans rear admiral john r. tucker –formerly commander of confederate warships during american civil war – in command of fleet, , requested relieved. captain salcedo took command of huáscar, expedition cancelled.
in february 1868, captain miguel grau took command of huáscar , remain until 1876, becoming longest-serving commander. long years aboard ironclad prove valuable later , become peru s renowned naval officer.
actions of war
peruvian civil war
the battle of pacocha
huáscar participated in peruvian civil war of 1877. seized in port in callao rebels led retired captain germán astete, used harass, sabotage , disrupt government forces , shipping lanes. during these actions foreign shipping affected, leading british intervention.
on 29 may 1877, fought inconclusive battle of pacocha against 2 british vessels, frigate hms shah , corvette hms amethyst, commanded admiral de horsey. battle saw first use in anger of newly invented self-propelled torpedo which, @ time, had entered limited service royal navy.
huáscar surrendered government after 1 month in rebel hands. although controlled rebels @ time, popular , press pressure on peruvian government resulted in formal diplomatic protest british government attack on huáscar; british parliament, on other hand, came close censuring admiral de horsey failure capture her.
war of pacific
the battle of iquique
the battle of angamos
the naval battle of arica
huáscar participated in war of pacific (1879–1883), in service of peru. once again under command of captain miguel grau, became famous daring harassment raids on chilean ports , transports. result, during opening months of war, ground invasion delayed 6 months until chilean fleet find , stop huáscar.
on 21 may 1879 huáscar led lifting of chilean blockade of iquique. during battle, chilean captain of corvette esmeralda, arturo prat, killed on huáscar s deck. after sinking corvette repeated ramming, huáscar rescued survivors, continued pursuit of fleeing enemy ship covandonga.
during next 137 days huáscar not evaded confrontation mighty enemy fleet, following orders peruvian government, made coast insecure chilean transport ships. biggest prize chilean transport rímac 260 men of line cavalry regiment carabineers of yungay .
determined secure supply lines needed invasion of perú, chileans committed every possible unit hunt down huáscar.
on 8 october 1879 huáscar captured chilean navy @ battle of angamos, during rear admiral grau , 32 of crew of 200 killed.
career (chile)
war of pacific
after battle of angamos, huáscar entered service of chilean navy. @ arica fought duel peruvian monitor manco cápac (formerly uss oneota) while participating in bombardment of city –where new commander manuel thomson killed– , aided in blockade of callao.
after war
after war, in 1885 , 1887, huáscar renovated, including renewal of boilers, new screw design, , all-new steam engines move gun , artillery turrets.
in may 1888, part of ceremonial division commanded rear admiral luis uribe, huáscar brought bodies of officers esmeralda graves @ iquique new burial place @ valparaíso. notably, these same officers killed on huáscar s deck @ battle of iquique; rear admiral uribe had been executive officer aboard esmeralda , survivor of battle.
chilean civil war
huáscar participated in 1891 chilean civil war between government , congress. undergoing major maintenance work @ onset of war, seized , towed out of valparaíso rebel-leaning navy, , readied action within 3 days.
commanded captain josé maría santa cruz, participated in takeover of port city of taltal rebels, ran escort duty convoys , protected rebel-held ports. returned once more port of iquique, time bombard port city held government forces.
after 8 months of fighting, war ended government s surrender.
postwar
ironclad huáscar in 1903
huáscar anchored in harbour @ talcahuano , painted in victorian colors, 27 july 2005
huáscar went on serving chilean navy until boiler explosion in 1897 @ talcahuano military harbour resulted in decommissioning. partially repaired, later served first submarine tender in chilean navy 1917 1930.
in 1930s huáscar taken in hand reconditioning heritage ship. recommissioned in 1934, huáscar armed 2 8-inch guns, 3 4.7 inch guns , 4 47mm guns. 1,870-ton ironclad wore flag of port admiral @ talcahuano. late 1949 listed in jane s fighting ships coast defense ship; photograph of huáscar in year s edition dated 1938.
memorial ship
when recommissioned in 1934, huáscar oldest vessel of chilean navy. between 1951 , 1952, work undertaken aim restore her 1897 condition, when finished service in chilean navy, , declare shrine glory of both peruvian , chilean navies.
she became floating museum , memorial, displaying many objects , relics recovered navy warehouses or donated private citizens talcahuano , concepción area, including:
a shrine portraits of 3 commanders lost lives on deck, set in commander s quarters.
a portrait gallery in boiler room.
a prayer room, duly authorized archbishop of concepción
between 1971 , 1972, second restoration phase undertaken @ chilean navy drydock in talcahuano: hull repaired, , engines rebuilt according original blueprints obtained in england. since then, strict maintenance program ensures survival , preservation future generations.
in 1995, world ship trust conferred maritime heritage award [1] on chilean navy restoration of huáscar.
huáscar berthed @ port of talcahuano, chile. talcahuano naval base , shipyards devastated 2010 chile earthquake , resulting tsunami; although huáscar @ base then, survived no apparent damage , reopened visitors in march 2011.
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