Asia Anti-Americanism

1 asia

1.1 china
1.2 japan
1.3 south korea
1.4 philippines

asia
china

anti-american protests in nanjing following u.s. bombing of chinese embassy in belgrade, 1999

in china, there has been history of anti-americanism, beginning general disdain foreigners in 19th century culminated in boxer rebellion of 1900.

when mao zedong , communists came power in 1948, launched anti-american campaign intensified china , u.s. fought major undeclared war in korea, 1950–53. 1 of mao s goals identify , destroy factions inside china might favorable capitalism.

mao never intended on friendly relations u.s., sheng argues. mao ridiculed u.s. paper tiger, occupiers of taiwan, enemy of people of world , has increasingly isolated , monopoly capitalist groups .

after mao s death , chinese economic reforms of 1980s hostility diminished sharply, , large-scale trade , investments, cultural exchanges became major factors.

the taiwanese strait crisis has led china blame united states issues arise in bilateral relationship between china , taiwan, believe american support of taiwan effort weaken country. relations became severely strained nato bombing of chinese embassy in belgrade in may 1999, blamed on intelligence error chinese believed deliberate. recently, in 2009, luo ping, director-general @ china banking regulatory commission, criticized america s laissez-faire capitalism , said hated america when united states treasury start print money , depreciate value of u.s. dollar, cheapening value of china s purchase of u.s. bonds. chinese hackers have conducted extensive cyberwarfare against american institutions , citizens targeting u.s. , western allies. furthermore, china s leaders present country alternative meddling power of west. in 2013, 54% of chinese had unfavorable or unfavorable view of americans , 53% viewed u.s. in unfavorable or unfavorable light.

while chinese government officially condemned september 11 attacks, privately there considerable number of chinese citizens (mostly radicalism) celebrated news of terrorist attacks on u.s. targets. not case in of china. in fact, tens of thousands of people visited u.s. embassy after 9/11 attacks, leaving flowers, cards, funeral wreaths , hand-written notes of condolence on pavement outside.

quentin tarantino s django unchained going first tarantino film approved official distribution in china s strictly controlled film market. reported film released on may 12, 2013. lily kuo, on quartz, wrote film depicts 1 of america s darker periods, when slavery legal, chinese officials use push against criticism united states .

japan

okinawans protesting against u.s. marine corps air station futenma in ginowan, november 8, 2009

in japan, objections behavior , presence of american military personnel reported anti-americanism, such 1995 okinawa rape incident. ongoing u.s. military presence in okinawa remains contentious issue in japan.

while protests have arisen because of specific incidents, reflective of deeper historical resentments. robert hathaway, director of wilson center s asia program, suggests: growth of anti-american sentiment in both japan , south korea must seen not response american policies , actions, reflective of deeper domestic trends , developments within these asian countries . in japan, variety of threads have contributed anti-americanism in post-war era, including pacifism on left, nationalism on right, , opportunistic worries on american influence in japanese economic life.

south korea

anti-americanism in south korea has been exaggerated worldwide press coverage of violent demonstrations of minority activist group called national liberation ( nl ), closely tied , supported north korean government. in fact, due historical tie united states, including korean war , u.s. s post-war economic aids , defense support, general public of south korea 1 of pro-american people, demonstrated following surveys:

pew research center s spring 2013 global attitudes survey found 78% koreans have favorable opinion of united states, while 20% have negative opinion, , 77% expressed confidence in american president s ability handle world affairs;
pew research center s spring 2015 global attitudes survey found 84% koreans have favorable opinion of united states, while 14% have negative view;
bbc s survey found 74% of south koreans have favorable view of u.s., making south korea 1 of pro-american countries in world; and
asan institute policy studies s 2014 poll found 93.3% of south koreans believed military alliance united states necessary, , 66% in favor of retaining alliance if korea unifies.

however, during struggle against authoritarian governments in 1980s , 1990s, led college students, nl group infiltrated student associations such jeondaehyup , hanchongryun. in consequence, after democratization, nl group affect public sentiment in 1990s , 2000, disguising tie north korea , partly entering politics. took advantage of accidents involving united states forces korea, such yangju highway incident in 2002, , took initiative in organizing 2008 beef protest in south korea, provoke anti-american sentiment. @ time, there analysis anti-americanism motivated rejection of authoritarianism , resurgent nationalism, , nationalist anti-americanism continued 2000s fueled number of incidents such 1997 asian financial crisis. in fact, nationalist anti-americanism analysis mentions closely related political agenda of nl group.

as, following democratization, general public lost interest in political agenda, nl group tried influence popular culture. nl activist yoon min-suk wrote fucking usa , anti-american protest song following apolo ohno olympic controversy , yangju highway incident, although did not gain popularity. in consequence, around 2002 , 2003, anti-american sentiment among general public temporally peaked, , permeated in popular culture. example, psy sang anti-american song titled dear american.

after then, however, nl group continued lose cultural hegemony, , around 2009, majority of south koreans reported having favorable view of united states. after revelation of 2013 south korean sabotage plot nl group, , constitutional court of korea s judgement dissolve unified progressive party in 2013, influence of nl group rapidly diminished. seen in 2015 knife assault on mark lippert, united states ambassador south korea kim ki-jong, member of nl activist group called uri madang, nl group is, alienated general public, becoming more violent , turning terrorism.

philippines

although philippines traditionally pro-american nation, anti-american sentiment in philippines still lingers extent, owing controversial visiting forces agreement, philippine–american war of more 100 years ago, , 1898–1946 period of american colonial rule.

many loyalists of deceased dictator ferdinand marcos have protested against presence of american military forces in philippines. reason supporting anti-american sentiment purported role of united states in framing , overthrowing president marcos in 1986.

in october 2012, american ships found dumping toxic wastes subic bay, spurring anti-americanism , setting stage multiple rallies. when u.s. president barack obama toured asia, in mid late april, 2014 visit malaysia, south korea, japan , philippines, hundreds of filipino protests demonstrated in manila shouting anti-obama slogans, burning mock u.s. flags.

however, poll conducted in 2011 bbc found 90% of filipinos have favorable view of u.s., higher view of u.s. in other country. according pew research center poll released in 2014, 92% of filipinos viewed u.s. favorably, making philippines pro-american nation in world.