semiconductor chip on crystalline silicon substrate.
semiconductors materials have electrical resistivity (and conductivity) between of metallic conductors , non-metallic insulators. can found in periodic table moving diagonally downward right boron. separate electrical conductors (or metals, left) insulators (to right).
devices made semiconductor materials foundation of modern electronics, including radio, computers, telephones, etc. semiconductor devices include transistor, solar cells, diodes , integrated circuits. solar photovoltaic panels large semiconductor devices directly convert light electrical energy.
in metallic conductor, current carried flow of electrons , in semiconductors, current can carried either electrons or positively charged holes in electronic band structure of material. common semiconductor materials include silicon, germanium , gallium arsenide.
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