5 speed gear stick of manual transmission car.
the shift pattern refers layout of gears. in typical manual transmission car, first gear located left, , forwards. in many trucks , sports cars instead in dog leg position, left , rearwards. there spring-loading return stick central position. reverse gear commonly positioned in best choice of location avoid accidental engagement.
manual transmission
fiat 500l manual gear shift 6 speeds.
a typical manual transmission vehicle, (for example) 5 forward gears, have 7 possible positions: 5 forwards gears, reverse gear, , central neutral position. vehicles have special button prevent accidental engagement of reverse. others require lever lifted, pressed down, or moved force engage reverse. in transmissions reverse directly below fifth, there may mechanical lock-out preventing selection of reverse other neutral, preventing driver used six-speed transmission engaging reverse while trying select sixth. transmissions have electronically controlled error-prevention safeguard blocks first , second gear being selected if vehicle moving fast enough exceed engine s maximum rpm.
automatic transmission
automatic transmissions traditionally have had straight pattern, adopting classic p-r-n-d gate, p being front, topmost position (or p way left on column mounted shifter); corresponding shift positions being:
p = park - transmission mechanically locked in position parking. r = reverse - reverse motion n = neutral - no drive applied wheels engine running d = drive - forward motion full automatic operation in gears.
all automatics use sort of manual override of transmission, numbered positions in descending order marked below (or right) of drive , prevent transmission shifting gear higher selected, maintaining automatic operation between lesser numbered gears. such gates appear p-r-n-d-3-2-1 example. on vehicles (mainly japanese makes such honda, toyota , lexus being examples) these numbered positions replaced single l (for low ) position, hold transmission in whatever lower ratio required climbing steep grades or heavy acceleration.
more modern automatic transmissions have employed j-gate (pioneered jaguar) gears on left-hand arm , on right, , there sideways movement @ rear of pattern. second generation range rover 1995 used h-gate , 2 parallel prnd gates on opposing legs of h both high range , low range ratios, normal , off-road driving, respectively.
some modern gearboxes such alfa romeo sportronic have traditional automatic shift pattern right, special position left in movement of stick forwards , backwards increments gears , down respectively. can useful in snow or dirt conditions, may necessary start second gear.
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