1 satellite programmes
1.1 insat series
1.2 irs series
1.3 radar imaging satellites
1.4 other satellites
1.5 south asia satellite
1.6 gagan satellite navigation system
1.7 irnss satellite navigation system
satellite programmes
insat-1b
india s first satellite, aryabhata, launched soviet union on 19 april 1975 kapustin yar using cosmos-3m launch vehicle. followed rohini series of experimental satellites, built , launched indigenously. @ present, isro operates large number of earth observation satellites.
the insat series
insat (indian national satellite system) series of multipurpose geostationary satellites launched isro satisfy telecommunications, broadcasting, meteorology , search-and-rescue needs of india. commissioned in 1983, insat largest domestic communication system in asia-pacific region. joint venture of department of space, department of telecommunications, india meteorological department, india radio , doordarshan. overall co-ordination , management of insat system rests secretary-level insat coordination committee.
the irs series
indian remote sensing satellites (irs) series of earth observation satellites, built, launched , maintained isro. irs series provides remote sensing services country. indian remote sensing satellite system largest constellation of remote sensing satellites civilian use in operation today in world. satellites placed in polar sun-synchronous orbit , provide data in variety of spatial, spectral , temporal resolutions enable several programmes undertaken relevant national development. initial versions composed of 1 (a, b, c, d) nomenclature. later versions named based on area of application including oceansat, cartosat, resourcesat.
radar imaging satellites
isro operates 2 radar imaging satellites. risat-1 launched sriharikota spaceport on 26 april 2012 on board pslv. risat-1 carries c-band synthetic aperture radar (sar) payload, operating in multi-polarisation , multi-resolution mode , can provide images coarse, fine , high spatial resolutions. india operates risat-2, launched in 2009 , acquired israel @ cost $110 million.
other satellites
isro has launched set of experimental geostationary satellites known gsat series. kalpana-1, isro s first dedicated meteorological satellite, launched polar satellite launch vehicle on 12 september 2002. satellite known metsat-1. in february 2003 renamed kalpana-1 indian prime minister atal bihari vajpayee in memory of kalpana chawla – nasa astronaut of indian origin perished in space shuttle columbia.
isro has launched indo-french satellite saral on 25 february 2013, 12:31 utc. saral (or satellite argos , altika ) cooperative altimetry technology mission. being used monitoring oceans surface , sea-levels. altika measure ocean surface topography accuracy of 8 mm, against 2.5 cm on average using current-generation altimeters, , spatial resolution of 2 km.
in june 2014, isro launched french earth observation satellite spot-7 (mass 714 kg) along singapore s first nano satellite velox-i, canada s satellite can-x5, germany s satellite aisat, via pslv-c23 launch vehicle. isro s 4th commercial launch.
south asia satellite
the south asia satellite (gsat-9) geosynchronous communications , meteorology satellite indian space research organisation (isro) south asian association regional cooperation (saarc) region.[1] satellite launched on 5th may,2017. during 18th saarc summit held in nepal in 2014, indian prime minister narendra modi mooted idea of satellite serving needs of saarc member nations, part of neighbourhood first policy.
one month after sworn in prime minister of india, in june 2014 modi asked isro develop saarc satellite, can dedicated ‘gift’ neighbors.
it satellite saarc region 12 ku-band transponders (36 mhz each) , launch using indian geosynchronous satellite launch vehicle gslv mk-ii. total cost of launching satellite estimated ₹2,350,000,000 (₹235 crore). cost associated launch met government of india. satellite enables full range of applications , services in areas of telecommunication , broadcasting applications viz television (tv), direct-to-home (dth), small aperture terminals (vsats), tele-education, telemedicine , disaster management support.
gagan satellite navigation system
the ministry of civil aviation has decided implement indigenous satellite-based regional gps augmentation system known space-based augmentation system (sbas) part of satellite-based communications, navigation , surveillance (cns)/air traffic management (atm) plan civil aviation. indian sbas system has been given acronym gagan – gps aided geo augmented navigation. national plan satellite navigation including implementation of technology demonstration system (tds) on indian air space proof of concept has been prepared jointly airports authority of india (aai) , isro. tds completed during 2007 installing 8 indian reference stations (inress) @ 8 indian airports , linked master control centre (mcc) located near bangalore.
the first gagan navigation payload has been fabricated , proposed flown on gsat-4 during apr 2010. however, gsat-4 not placed in orbit gslv-d3 not complete mission. 2 more gagan payloads subsequently flown, 1 each on 2 geostationary satellites, gsat-8 , gsat-10. on 12 may 2012, isro announced successful testing of indigenous cryogenic engine 200 seconds forthcoming gslv-d5 flight.
irnss satellite navigation system
irnss independent regional navigation satellite system being developed india. designed provide accurate position information service users in india region extending 1500 km boundary, primary service area. irnss provide 2 types of services, namely, standard positioning service (sps) , restricted service (rs) , expected provide position accuracy of better 20 m in primary service area. autonomous regional satellite navigation system being developed indian space research organisation, under total control of indian government. requirement of such navigation system driven fact access global navigation satellite systems gps not guaranteed in hostile situations. isro planned launch constellation of satellites between 2012 , 2014 project got delayed 2 years.
isro on 1 july 2013, @ 23:41 ist launched sriharikota first indian navigation satellite irnss-1a. irnss-1a launched aboard pslv-c22. constellation comprising 7 satellites of i-1k bus each weighing around 1450 kilogrammes, 3 satellites in geostationary earth orbit (geo) , 4 in geosynchronous earth orbit(gso). constellation completed around april 2016.
on 4 april 2014, @ 17:14 ist isro has launched irnss-1b sriharikota, second of 7 irnss series. 19 minutes after launch pslv-c24 injected orbit.irnss-1c launched on 16 october 2014, , irnss-1d on 28 march 2015.
on 20 january 2016, 9:31 hrs ist irnss-1e launched aboard pslv-c31 satish dhawan space centre (sdsc) shar, sriharikota. on 10 march 2016, 4:31 hrs ist irnss-1f launched aboard pslv-c32 satish dhawan space centre (sdsc) shar, sriharikota. on 28 april 2016, 12:50 hrs ist irnss-1g launched aboard pslv-xl-c33 satish dhawan space centre (sdsc) shar, sriharikota. satellite 7 , last in irnss system , completes india s own navigation system
as of january 2016, isro in process of developing 4 back-up satellites constellation of existing irnss satellites.
on 31 august 2017, india’s isro failed in attempt launch eighth regional navigation satellite (irnss-1h) sriharikota @ 7pm. satellite got stuck in fourth stage of polar satellite launch vehicle–pslv-c39.
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