indian bananas, various varieties sold in rural shop in south india
statistics on production , export of bananas , plantains available food , agriculture organization. countries produce statistics distinguish between bananas , plantains, 2 of top 3 producers (india , china) not, comparisons can made using total bananas , plantains combined. 2012 statistics (see table 1) show india led world in banana production, producing around 18% of worldwide crop of 139 million metric tonnes. philippines next largest producer around 7% of worldwide crop. national data distinguish between bananas , plantains, , shows latter made on 95% of production. ten countries produced around 2 thirds of total world production.
the statistics export of bananas , plantains show rather different picture (see table 2). total world exports @ around 18 million metric tonnes amounted 12% of total world production; 2 thirds of exports generated 5 countries. top 3 producing countries not appear in table, , 2 countries, costa rica , guatemala, not appear in table of top producers. philippines has consistent position in both tables. exports dominated ecuador, 29% of world total. statistics ecuador distinguish between bananas , plantains; 93% of exports classified bananas.
bananas , plantains constitute major staple food crop millions of people in developing countries. in tropical countries, green (unripe) bananas used cooking represent main cultivars. bananas cooked in ways similar potatoes. both can fried, boiled, baked, or chipped , have similar taste , texture when served. 1 banana provides same calories 1 potato.
most producers small-scale farmers either home consumption or local markets. because bananas , plantains produce fruit year-round, provide extremely valuable food source during hunger season (when food 1 annual/semi-annual harvest has been consumed, , next still come). bananas , plantains therefore critical global food security.
bananas have been important source of disagreement in doha round of trade talks. study ictsd showed new deal on eu banana import tariffs boon latin american exporters trigger drop in exports of fruit african, caribbean , pacific (acp) countries.
bananas among consumed foods in world. chiquita, del monte, dole, , fyffes grow own bananas in ecuador, colombia, costa rica, guatemala, , honduras. banana plantations capital intensive , demand significant expertise. majority of independent growers large , wealthy landowners in these countries. producers have attempted raise prices via marketing them fair trade or rainforest alliance-certified in countries.
the banana has extensive trade history starting firms such irish fyffes , united fruit company (now chiquita) @ end of 19th century. of 20th century, bananas , coffee dominated export economies of central america. in 1930s, bananas , coffee made as 75% of region s exports. late 1960, 2 crops accounted 67% of exports region. though 2 grown in similar regions, tended not distributed together. united fruit company based business entirely on banana trade, because coffee trade proved difficult control. term banana republic has been applied countries in central america, strict economic perspective costa rica, honduras, , panama had economies dominated banana trade.
the european union has traditionally imported many of bananas former european caribbean colonies, paying guaranteed prices above global market rates (see lomé convention). these arrangements have been largely withdrawn under pressure other major trading powers, principally united states. withdrawal of these indirect subsidies caribbean producers expected favour more efficient banana producers of central america, in american companies have economic interest. in addition, small-scale caribbean producers finding difficult comply increasingly strict certification requirements. support being provided caribbean countries under eu s banana accompanying measures (bam).
the united states produces few bananas. mere 14,000 tonnes (14,000 long tons; 15,000 short tons) grown in hawaii in 2001. bananas once grown in florida , southern california. in 2012, united states imported 27 percent of bananas traded internationally, total of approximately 4,350,000 tonnes (4,280,000 long tons; 4,800,000 short tons) of bananas import cost of $4.3 billion (equivalent $4.5 billion in 2016).
in march 2014 announced fyffes , chiquita merge create world s largest banana company, worth $1bn (£597m). new firm, named chiquitafyffes, expected sell 160 million boxes of bananas annually.
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