animation of jupiter seen in infrared
the uncertainty of models tied error margin in hitherto measured parameters: 1 of rotational coefficients (j6) used describe planet s gravitational moment, jupiter s equatorial radius, , temperature @ 1 bar pressure. juno mission, arrived in july 2016, expected further constrain values of these parameters better models of core.
the core region may surrounded dense metallic hydrogen, extends outward 78% of radius of planet. rain-like droplets of helium , neon precipitate downward through layer, depleting abundance of these elements in upper atmosphere. rainfalls of diamonds have been suggested occur on jupiter, on saturn , ice giants uranus , neptune.
above layer of metallic hydrogen lies transparent interior atmosphere of hydrogen. @ depth, pressure , temperature above hydrogen s critical pressure of 1.2858 mpa , critical temperature of 32.938 k. in state, there no distinct liquid , gas phases—hydrogen said in supercritical fluid state. convenient treat hydrogen gas in upper layer extending downward cloud layer depth of 1,000 km, , liquid in deeper layers. physically, there no clear boundary—the gas smoothly becomes hotter , denser 1 descends.
the temperature , pressure inside jupiter increase steadily toward core, due kelvin–helmholtz mechanism. @ pressure level of 10 bars (1 mpa), temperature around 340 k (67 °c; 152 °f). @ phase transition region hydrogen—heated beyond critical point—becomes metallic, calculated temperature 10,000 k (9,700 °c; 17,500 °f) , pressure 200 gpa. temperature @ core boundary estimated 36,000 k (35,700 °c; 64,300 °f) , interior pressure 3,000–4,500 gpa.
this cut-away illustrates model of interior of jupiter, rocky core overlaid deep layer of liquid metallic hydrogen.
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